Comprehensive Review of Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors in the Brain

Generated with sparks and insights from 17 sources

Introduction

Adenosine is an inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the brain, promoting sleep and suppressing arousal.
There are four types of adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, each playing distinct roles in physiological processes.
Adenosine receptors are involved in various neuropsychiatric disorders, Epilepsy, and Ischemic stroke.
Recent reviews have highlighted the role of adenosine in Sleep-wake regulation and its interaction with Caffeine.
Adenosine receptors are potential therapeutic targets for several neurological conditions.

Role: Adenosine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Function: Promotes sleep and suppresses arousal.
Mechanism: Levels of adenosine rise each hour when awake, leading to increased sleep pressure.
Impact: Central nervous system depressant, contributing to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.

A1 Receptor: High affinity for adenosine, coupled in an inhibitory manner to adenylate cyclase.
A2A Receptor: Lower affinity for adenosine, stimulates adenylate cyclase activity.
A2B Receptor: Involved in immune response and inflammation.
A3 Receptor: Plays a role in cardioprotection and anti-inflammatory responses.

Relevance: Adenosine receptor modulation is significant in psychotic and Mood disorders.
A1 Receptor: Implicated in anxiety and Depression.
A2A Receptor: Linked to Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder.
Therapeutic Potential: Targeting these receptors could offer new treatment avenues.

Role: Adenosine receptors play a crucial role in Brain ischemia.
A1 Receptor: Provides neuroprotection during ischemic events.
A2A Receptor: Involved in inflammatory responses post-stroke.
Research: Comprehensive reviews summarize current knowledge on adenosine receptors in ischemic stroke.